Biology For Class X - Chapter No. 5 - Reproduction - Short Question Answers

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CHAPTER 5: REPRODUCTION
B. Short Questions Answers

B. SHORT QUESTIONS:

i) Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction, Epigeal and Hypogeal Germination.
Ans: Difference Between Asexual and Sexual reproduction

S.NO.	Sexual Reproduction	Asexual Reproduction
1.	It is a kind of reproduction where there is the involvement of one or two organisms or individuals(parents of opposite sex).	It refers to the kind of reproduction that involves only one organism (parent).
2.	Gamete formation occurs.	Gamete formation does not occur.
3.	Takes place by the fusion of male and female gametes (sex cells).	Takes place without the fusion of male and female gametes (sex cells).
4.	It occurs higher invertebrates and all vertebrates	It occurs in lower organisms
5.	Takes many months to complete	Completes in a very short period of time
6.	The offspring inherits characteristics of both parents but are not exactly similar to any one of the Parent.	The offspring inherits characteristics of one parent and are similar to parents.
7.	Meiosis and mitosis type of cell division occurs	Only the mitosis type of cell division occurs
8.	Genetic recombination occurs which causes variation and leads to evolution	No new combination of genes occurs
9.	Organisms are genetically similar to each other as well as to their parent.	Organisms are genetically dissimilar to each other as well as to their parent.

 

Difference Between Epigeal Germination and Hypogeal Germination

S.NO.	Epigeal Germination	Hypogeal Germination
1.	Epi = above, geo = earth The cotyledons are brought on the surface of the soil along with the shoot. OR The type of germination where seeds come above the soil during germination.	Hypo = below, geo = earth Cotyledons remain below the soil surface. OR The type of germination where seeds remain in the soil during germination
2.	The hypocotyl has a curved terminal part to protect the plumule as it comes out of the soil.	The epicotyl has a curved terminal part to protect the plumule from friction in soil particles.
3.	The hypocotyl grows excessively to bring the cotyledons out of the soil.	The hypocotyl does not show much elongation
4.	The plumule comes out of the seed by the elongation of the hypocotyl	The plumule comes out of the seed by the elongation of the epicotyl
5.	The energy for the growth comes from the cotyledons	The energy primarily comes from the endosperm
6.	Epicotyl is short	Epicotyl is long
7.	The cotyledons turn green and perform photosynthesis	The cotyledons have no role in photosynthesis
8.	It is generally shown by the dicot seeds	It is generally shown by the monocot seeds
9.	The growth rate of hypocotyl is higher than epicotyl.	The growth rate of epicotyl is higher than hypocotyl.
10.	The hypocotyl grow in the form of arch.	The hypocotyl does not grow in the form of arch.
11.	It occurs in beans, onion, papaya, castor, etc	It occurs in coconut, gram, maize, etc.

 

  ii) Draw neat and labeled diagram of T.S of Angiospermic flower.
Ans: T.S of Angiospermic flower

OR

iii) How a new plant develops with an already growing plant?
Ans: A new plant develops with an already growing plant through vegetative propagation or artificial propagation.
Vegetative Propagation:
When a new plant develops from tissue or organs of a plant or outgrowth of a plant. This type of reproduction is called Vegetative Propagation.
New plants can be produced from vegetative structures like the roots, stems, suckers and leaves.

Artificial Propagation:
It is the method of development of new plant with the help of human efforts.
Artificial propagation can occur from cells, tissues, cutting of stem etc. The method are Tissue culture, Cutting, Grafting, Layering, Budding. Root and leave tissue may also use for artificial propagation.

iv) How leaves develop into new plants?
Leaves develop into new plant through the buds located at their margin like that of Bryophyllum . These buds develop into adventitious root when fall on ground or come in contact with soil. After some time these parts of leaves develop into an independent plant.

v) Draw neat and labelled diagram of Ovule.
Ans: Structure of ovule

vi) Draw neat and labelled diagram of male gametophyte of angiospermic plant?
Ans: The Pollen Grain Is the Male Gametophyte Of Angiospermic Plant:

vii) List out the male reproductive organs of rabbit with glands.
Ans: Male Reproductive Organs Of Rabbit With Glands

	Male
Gonads  (Gametes producing organs)	Testes two in numbers, Hanging outside, in a sac called scrotal sac. Contain seminiferous tubules Epididymis to collect sperm
Duct  (Gametes collecting tubes)	Vas deferens, two in number.
Genitals  (Gametes depositing or receiving organs)	Penis, a muscular organ to transfer semen into female genital Glands
Glands	Prostate gland Cowper's gland Seminal vesicle

viii) What are STD's?
Ans: STD (SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES):
STD Stands for Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Definition
The diseases which are transferred from infected person to healthy person by sex are called Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD).

OR

The diseases or infections which are passed from one person to another person through genital organs and genital fluids during sexual contacts called sexually transmitted diseases.
Sometimes STD can spread through intimate physical contact as well like herpes, spread by skin to skin contact.

Following are important sexually transmitted Diseases

1. Gonorrhoea
2. Syphilis
3. Genital Herpes
4. Aids

ix) Why population control is considered important for prosperous society?
Ans: Population :
Population means the total number of beings living in a particular area.

Population Planning:
Population planning is the policy to limit the growth in number of population especially in those countries which has limited resources or in densely populated part of earth.

Need Or Importance of Population control:

• The resources demand is under control.
• Quality of life is maintained.
• Facilities like health, job ,education, electricity ,garbage removal etc is maintained.
• Well maintained environment.
• An increase in population can cause strain on the resources due to high demands. This strain can lead to environmental disturbance.

x) Draw life cycle of Angiospermic plant.

xi. differentiate between vegetative and artificial propagation
Ans: Difference Between Vegetative And Artificial Propagation

S.NO.	Vegetative Propagation	Artificial Propagation
1.	It is natural development of new plant without human efforts.	It is the method of development of new plant with the help of human efforts.
2.	Natural vegetative propagation usually occurs by root, stem, or leaves.	Artificial propagation can occur from cells, tissues, cutting of stem etc.
3.	Stem: runners grow horizontally above the ground.	The method are Tissue culture, Cutting, Grafting, Layering, Budding
4.	Roots: new plant emerges out of swollen modified root known as tuber.	Root may be used for artificial propagation
5.	Leaves: of a few plants are detached from parent plant and develop into new plant e.g. Bryophyllum.	Any leave tissue may also use for artificial propagation.

xii) List out the female reproductive organs of rabbit with glands.
Ans: Male Reproductive Organs Of Rabbit With Glands

	Female
Gonads  (Gametes producing organs)	Ovaries two in numbers Located in abdominal cavity Produce ovum
Duct  (Gametes collecting tubes)	Oviduct or fallopian tube collect ovum from ovary.  Two in number
Genitals  (Gametes depositing or receiving organs)	Vagina, a tube which receive semen containing many sperms
Glands	Ovary works as gland as well

xiii) What is AID? Write down the role of national AIDS Control Program and different NGOs in educating about AIDs.
Ans: AIDs:

• AIDS stands for Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome.
• AIDs is a sexually transmitted diseases.
• It is caused by virus known as HIV (Human Immuno-deficiency Virus).
• The HIV is transmitted through contaminated surgical instruments, transfusion of infected blood, sexual contacts, placenta and mother's milk.

Role Of National AIDS Control Program and Different NGOs In Educating About AIDs:

• The first role was the study of AIDS patients, frequency in different social group of population.
• The next goal was the study of reasons of AIDS in different populations.
• Another aim was to educate people about prevention.
• The next role is the proper diagnosis of HIV in different private and government sector hospitals.

xiv) Define Parenthenocarpy.
Ans: PARTHENOCARPY:
Parthenocarpy refers to formation of seedless fruit without fertilization.

OR

Fruit and seed formation usually occur after fertilization but some fruit may formed without fertilization. This mechanism is called parthenocarpy i.e formation of seedless fruit.
Example is banana.