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CHAPTER 6: INHERITANCE
Multiple Choice Questions And Fill In The Blanks
TEXT BOOK EXERCISE
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Choose the correct answer:
i) Branch of biology deals with the study of heredity and variation is called:
(a)Inheritance
(b) Heredity
(c) Genetics ✓
(d) Evolution
ii) The way by which gene transmits characters from parents to offspring is:
(a) Genetics
(b) Inheritance ✓
(c) Heredity
(d) Allele
iii) Two similar chromosomes in a cell which are similar in shape, size and position of centromere called:
(a) Chromatids
(b) Arms
(c) Homologous ✓
(d) Homology
iv) The chemical material of a chromosome is called:
(a) Chromatin ✓
(b) Chromeres
(c) Chromonema
(d) Chromatid
v) The outer part of DNA helix made up of sugar and phosphate is called:
(a) Nucleoprotein
(b) Rungs
(c) upright ✓
(d) Phosphoester
vi) The small segment of DNA which has information to code one protein is called:
(a) Nucleotide
(b) Polynucleotide
(c) Gene ✓
(d) Exon
vii) The exact duplication of DNA is called:
(a) Duplication
(b) Replication ✓
(c) Transcription
(d) Translation
viii) If both the parents donate same factors of a character is called:
(a) Homologous
(b) Heterologous
(c) Homozygous ✓
(d) Heterozygous
ix) The Genetic constitution of a trait is called:
(a) Genotype ✓
(b) Phenotype
(c) Genome
(d) Phenyl
x) The differences of sexually reproduced off springs from Parents are called:
(a) Genetics
(b) Inheritance
(c) Heredity
(d) variations ✓
xi) The process by which characters are transmitted from parents to offspring is:
(a) Genetics
(b) Inheritance ✓
(c) Heredity
(d) Allele
xii) All humans contain two sets of ___________ chromosomes.
(a) 28
(b) 34
(c) 23 ✓
(d) 32
xiii) ________ is known as the father of Genetics.
(a) Mendelive
(b) Jabir Bin Hayan
(c) Gregor John Mendel ✓
(d) Charles Darwin
xiv) The phenomenon of inheritance where both alleles are dominant and expressed equally is called:
(a) co-dominance ✓
(b) multiple alleles
(c) Transcription
(d) Translation
xv) If both Parents donate different factors (allele), the organism is:
(a) Hybrid ✓
(b) homozygous
(c) genotype
(d) phenotype
xvi) ____ blood group is called universal donor.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) AB
(d) O ✓
xvii) Development of muscles in athletes, loss of some body parts due to accident or disease etc. are example of ____ Variation.
(a) Environmental ✓
(b) Heritable
(c) Continuous
(d) Discontinuous
xviii) Height, skin colour, intelligence, eye colour etc. are example of ____ Variation.
(a) Environmental
(b) Heritable
(c) Continuous ✓
(d) Discontinuous
xix) Blood groups, six fingers in hands or foot, tongue rolling etc. are example of ____ Variation.
(a) Environmental
(b) Heritable
(c) Continuous
(d) Discontinuous ✓
xx) ___ is the process where descends become better than ancestors.
(a) Fertilization
(b) Evolution ✓
(c) Crossing over
(d) Mutation
xxi) A book "Origin Of species" was published in 1859 by _____.
(a) Watson and Crick
(b) Gregor John Mendel
(c) Charles Darwin ✓
(d) Carl Correns
xxii) Law of inheritance, law of dominance, law of segregation or purity of gametes and law of independent assortment was presented by _____.
(a) Watson and Crick
(b) Gregor John Mendel ✓
(c) Charles Darwin
(d) Carl Correns
xxiii) The phenomenon of incomplete dominance or partial dominance is purposed by _____.
(a) Waston and Crick
(b) Gregor John Mendel
(c) Charles Darwin
(d) Carl Correns ✓
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. Living things when reproduce sexually their offspring differ somewhat from their parents, such differences are called variations.
2. Heredity is the way by which genes transmit characters from parents to offspring.
3. Haploid set (n=23) is paternal in origin, which is contributed by sperm while the other haploid set (n=23) is maternal which comes from egg.
4. The genes are located at chromosomes and inherited through chromosomes during sexual reproduction.
5. Two chromosomes which are similar in their shape, size and position of centromeres present in a cell make one homologous pair of chromosome.
6. Deoxyribo nucleoprotein is composed of DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid) and special protein i.e Histone (H3P04).
7. Eukaryotic chromosome are composed of 40% of chromatin, a complex of DNA and 60 % of protein.
8. DNA is a double helical structure.
9. Each helix is a polynucleotide chain which are twisted around each other.
10. Both helix are complementary to each other which are held together by hydrogen bonds.
11. The process of duplication of DNA is called replication of DNA.
12. A gene expresses by synthesizing a protein which works as an enzyme.
13. Gene is the basic unit of biological information.
14. The position of gene on chromosome is called Gene locus (loci).
15. The coded information may change due to any reason which is called genetic variation caused by mutation.
16. The alternative form of a gene is called alleles or allomorph.
17. Gene is a unit of inheritance which is copied and inherited to next generation.
18. Genetic information flows in a cell from DNA to mRNA than to ribosome in cytoplasm, which is two step process for protein (enzyme) synthesis.
19. DNA (gene) is copied in complimentary form.
20. The process of copying DNA Information to mRNA is called Transcription.
21. In Translation, tRNA and rRNA translate the information of mRNA into the specific sequence of amino acids.
22. Gregor John Mendel studied seven traits (characters) in pea plants one by one.
23. Pure-breed means that if an organism is self fertilized, the offspring always look exactly like parents.
24. If both the parents donate same factor of the trait, the organism is pure or Homozygous.
25.If both parents donate different factors (allele) of a trait, the organism is hybrid or Heterozygous. 26.The factor (gene) which express and masks the expression of other factor in heterozygous condition is said to be Dominant factor.
27. The factor which is unable to express or masked in heterozygous condition is said to be recessive.
28. Phenotype is the physical appearance of the trait on the basis of inherited genes like tall.
29. Genotype genetic makeup or genic constitution of a trait like TT, Tt.
30. Some trait has more than two and more alternative forms. These traits are called multiple allelic trait or multiple alleles.
31. The phenomenon of inheritance where both alleles of a trait expressed in heterozygous condition and their expression get blended to produce new phenotype called incomplete Dominance or Partial Dominance.
32. Variation may be caused either by the effect of environment or by the changes in the genetic material.
33. Each nucleotide is made up of deoxy ribose sugar (C5H10O4), and (H3PO4) and Nitrogenous bases.
34. The histone is positively charged while the DNA is negatively charged.
35. The beads of histone and DNA is called nucleosome.
36. When the string of nucleosomes wraps up into high order coil called super coil.
37. Super coils chromomers form chromosomes.
38. The model of DNA was suggested by Watson and Crick in 1953.
39. The term dogma means a set of beliefs where a gene expresses by synthesizing a protein.
40. RNA stands for Ribo Nucleic Acid.
41. mRNA stands for messenger Ribo Nucleic Acid.
42. tRNA stands for transfer Ribo Nucleic Acid.
43. rRNA stands for ribosomal Ribo Nucleic Acid.
44. RNA which carry information of DNA sequences to ribisomes from nucleus to cytoplasm called messenger Ribo Nucleic Acid (mRNA).
45. Biological name of garden pea is Pisum sativum.
46. If an organism is self fertilized, the off springs always look exactly like parents. such varieties are called true breeders.
47. Law of segregation is also called law of purity of gametes.
48. Blood group in human is an example of multiple allele.
49. In Rh blood type, R stands for Rhesus.
50. The chemical cells or organs of an organism can work as antigen to other organism.
51. When antigens enter in the body of other organism, they produce defense protein against this antigen to protect itself. These proteins are called antibodies.
52. The blood serum containing antibodies called antiserum.
53. During transfusion of blood, the clumped cells are produced which lead to serious problem. These clumped cells are called agglutination.
54. Sudden change in genetic material (genome) of an organism is called mutation.
55. Dominant factor represent with capital letter like T for tall.
56. Recessive factor represents by small letter of same alphabet like t for small (dwarf).
57. The original true breeding organisms were called parental generation or P1 by Mendel.
58. The off spring of true breeding organism were called First Filial Generation or Fl.
59. The offspring of filial one generation produced by crossing self fertilization were called Second Filial generation or F2.
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